RNA sequencing analysis of MSCs derived from patients with MGUS, SMM, and MM revealed a genetic signature in the respectively stages. (A) Patient characteristics of included samples in RNA sequencing analysis. Table shows clinical parameters including prestages and/or progression status of MGUS (n = 4), SMM (n = 4), and MM (n = 5) samples in comparison to healthy (n = 5) samples. (B) Principal component analysis of MGUS, SMM and MM MSC. PC1 vs PC3 is shown. Green squares depict healthy MSC, dark blue squares depict MGUS MSC, light blue squares depict SMM MSC, and red squares depict MM MSC. (C) Venn diagrams of all differentially expressed genes, unique genes, and overlapping genes (FDR q-value ≤ 0.05) between the groups to be compared. (D) Top: graphical summary of representative overlapping genes from all 3 groups and between the groups to be compared. Several genes from that total overlap such as TGFB1, BMP8B, or WNT5B are represented by red framing. Unique overlapping genetic signature between MGUS and SMM MSC (such as TGFBR3L, RPSA or RPS27A) or the unique overlapping genetic signature between MGUS and MM (such as CDKN2A, CDKN2B) or between SMM and MM MSC (such as TGFR1, WNT2 or SFRP2) are represented by black framing. Bottom: graph table of the overlapping 296 differentially expressed genes by contrasting MGUS, SMM and MM MSC (FDR q-value ≤ 0.05).