Glutamine pretreatment benefited oxidatively stressed RBCs through osmotic protection. (A) Fold change in intracellular ROS detected by DCFDA staining and flow cytometry in RBCs. (B) Representative ektacytometry curve as cells pass through an osmotic gradient at a constant shear stress of 16 Pa. (C) Maximum deformability index (DI_max) values, and (D) RBC hydration graphed as O_hyper (n = 3). The mean ± standard error of the mean is denoted by the error bars. A 1-way paired t test was used to analyze the data. ns, not significant; ∗P < .05.