Progression of myeloma xenografts is faster in a mouse model of type 2 diabetes than without diabetes. (A) Representative MM1.S tumor xenograft growth trajectories from Rag1^−/−(Rag wild-type [WT]), and Rag1^−/−/MKR (Rag MKR) male mice; n = 3 to 5 per group. (B) Plasma insulin concentrations in Rag1^−/− and Rag1^−/−/MKR male mice; n = 3 to 5 per group. (C) Representative western blot analysis of MM1.S tumor xenograft protein lysates from Rag1^−/− and Rag1^−/−/MKR mice, as indicated. (D-E) Quantification of total insulin receptor expression corrected for β actin, and S6rp phosphorylation, relative to total S6rp protein levels. Results are expressed as relative difference to that of Rag1^−/− mice. (F) Representative western blot analysis of MM1.S tumor cell protein lysates from with and without insulin stimulation, as indicated. (G-I) Quantification of pIR/IGF-1R, pAkt, and pS6rp relative to total protein levels; n = 3 per group. ∗P < .05 between groups; ∗∗∗P < .001, as indicated.