ISV relieves global and local immunosuppression. (A) TGF-β signaling scores (by patient) at the injected and uninjected sites for the indicated cell types. (B) Scatter plots depicting relationship between TGF-β signaling scores at day 8 at the uninjected site and percentage distant tumor reduction for T and NK cells. (C) PD-1 mean fluorescence intensity on memory CD8 T-cells across time points at the injected site and uninjected site. (D) Scatter plots depicting relationship between CD8 T-cell PD-1 mean fluorescence intensity on day 8 at the injected and uninjected sites and percentage distant tumor reduction. (E) Treatment-induced changes in T_R1s (top) by flow cytometry and IL10 expression (bottom) by scRNA-seq at the injected site. (F) UMAP of T_REGs, colored as per the subpopulations identified by unsupervised clustering. (G) Fold change in abundance of T_REG subpopulations during therapy at the injected tumor site. (H) Treatment-induced changes in T_FHs (left) by flow cytometry and IL4 expression (right) by scRNA-seq at the injected site. (I) Bar plot of correlation coefficients relating change in T_FH and T_R1 abundance by flow cytometry at the uninjected site and percentage distant tumor reduction. Correlations assessed using Spearman test. P values were calculated by 2-sided Wilcoxon rank-sum tests for paired samples pretreatment (pre Tx) vs on treatment (day 8/week 6): ∗P < .05; ∗∗P < .01; ∗∗∗P < .001; ∗∗∗∗P < .0001. P values are only shown if P ≤ .05. Data point colors in (B) and (D) correspond to individual patients as in Figure 2(A-B).