Treatment algorithm for MDS.¹IPSS-R lower-risk: very low and low; higher-risk: intermediate, high, and very high. ²IPSS-M lower-risk: very low, low, and moderate low; higher-risk: moderate high, high, and very high. ³Data from HLA-matched related and unrelated donor, and if not available, from alternative donors such as haploidentical, mismatched unrelated or cord blood after RIC or myeloablative conditioning regimens. BM, bone marrow; IST, immunosuppressive treatment, S-EPO, serum erythropoietin.