Historical perspective of MDS prognostic models and diagnostic subclassifications. (A) Risk stratification studies and MDS subclassifications from 1982 to present. Colored dots represent number of prognostic or diagnostic tiers used. (B) Select risk stratification studies showing different clinical, pathologic, and laboratory parameters deemed most prognostic. The other lab result is beta-2 microglobulin (Gatto et al²⁴ ), neutrophils, ferritin, LDH (Bersanelli et al²⁵ ), and absolute lymphocyte/neutrophil/monocyte counts (Nazha et al²⁶ ). (C) Select prognostic models and the separation of patients into risk groups. When a single intermediate-risk group is used, this is arbitrarily set as “Intermediate (2).” When a single high-risk group is used, this is arbitrarily set as “High (very).”