Categories of bleeding in liver disease. Bleeding in patients with liver disease may be due to mechanical injury (by inadvertent laceration of a vessel during surgery or a minor invasive procedure), portal hypertension-related causes (eg, variceal bleeding), or hemostatic failure (bleeding following dental extraction, bruising, and bleeding from puncture wounds). Shown are strategies to prevent and treat these different types of bleeding complications. Reprinted from Lisman with permission.⁴⁷  FFP, fresh frozen plasma.