Autoantibodies against type 1 IFNs. Autoantibodies against IFN-α (A), IFN-β (B), and IFN-ω (C) in patients with CTLA-4 insufficiency and COVID-19 (n = 6), CTLA-4 insufficiency with no COVID-19 (n = 10), healthy controls (n = 18), and patients with APECED (n = 10). One-way analysis of variance and post hoc Tukey tests were used for all comparisons. Nonnormally distributed data were transformed for normality. ∗P < .05; ∗∗P < .01; ∗∗∗P < .001; ∗∗∗∗P < .0001.