Extended analyses of the antiplasmodial activity of HU and PQ in vitro and in vivo. (A-F) Inhibition rate of PQ and/or HU according to the age of asexual blood stage parasites. Parasites (ring, 0-6.5 hours (h); trophozoite, 21.5-27 h; schizont, 35-40 h) were pulsed for 3 hours with 329 μM HU or 0.1% DMSO, then extensively washed and incubated 69 hours in media containing 1% DMSO or 329 μM HU or 1 μM (panels A-C) or 10^-3 μM (panels D-F) of PQ. In panels A-F, DMSO-treated parasites were used as controls. (G-H) Additive activity of HU and PQ in P berghei Anka-infected mice. (G) Schematic representation of P berghei Anka (PbA) infection, drug treatment, body weight, and tail blood (for parasitemia) collections. (H) Parasitemia after 4 days of treatment. In panels A-F, H, the horizontal bar represents the median and the vertical bar represents the interquartile range. For the mean comparisons in panels A-F, H, 1-way ANOVA with a Tukey post hoc analysis was used.