Approach to the assessment and management of anemia and iron overload in NTDT. The assessment and management of NTDT focuses on the manifestations and severity of anemia and iron overload. The general management of patients with NTDT is summarized. ∗Luspatercept is only approved for NTDT in the European Union. Dosing and monitoring of luspatercept and hydroxyurea should follow local prescribing information. The choice and duration of therapy (used for prevention or management of adverse outcomes) should rely on overall patient well-being, symptoms, comorbidities, access, and patient preference. †Deferasirox dosing and safety monitoring to follow local prescribing information. ALT, alanine aminotransferase; AST, aspartate aminotransferase; BMD, bone mass densitometry; DT, dispersible tablet; ECG, electrocardiogram; FCT, film-coated tablet; FSH, follicle stimulating hormone; LH, luteinizing hormone; LVEF, left ventricular ejection fraction; SF, serum ferritin in ng/mL; TSH, thyroid stimulating hormone; ULN, upper limit of normal. Figure created with BioRender.