Possible methods to target TSPANs. There have been multiple proposed mechanisms on how to target TSPANs and inhibit their functions. (A) mAbs can be used to antagonize TSPANs either directly, or by inhibiting its lateral interactions. (B) Soluble EC2 loops can be used to disrupt the unique interactions of each TSPAN. (C) Analogues to transmembrane regions can prevent the formation of TEMs, thereby disrupting their effects. (D) Inhibiting palmitoylation can also be used as a mechanism to prevent TEM formation. (E) Many TSPANs have a motif in their C-terminus that can interact with PDZ domains on different signaling proteins. Small molecule inhibitors to these domains can prevent their activation, and therefore the cellular responses.