CHIP increases risk of gout in the presence of elevated serum urate levels. (A) Association between serum urate levels and gout diagnosis in males and females. P values were computed using Wilcoxon rank-sum test. (B) Forest plot of HR for the association between CHIP and gout. This analysis included individuals with serum urate levels above the median of UKB. Cox proportional hazards model adjusting for age deciles, sex, WBC, eGFR, and BMI was used to calculate HR and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI). Individuals without CHIP were used as reference group.