The genomic and transcriptomic landscape of AML with RARG rearrangement. (A) The frequency of concurrent mutation genes profile identified in 24 patients with RARG rearrangement (left) and in 142 patients APL with PML::RARA fusion (right, for comparison). (B) Unsupervised hierarchical clustering identified unique gene expression pattern of RARG rearrangement (RARG). Patients with AML with PML::RARA (APL) and others without RARG or RARA rearrangement are included as comparison. Columns indicate patients with AML and rows represent gene expression levels for each patient. Genes showing overexpression or underexpression in the heatmap are shown in red or blue, respectively. (C-D) Differentially expressed gene (DEG) comparisons between patients with AML with RARG rearrangement (RARG), PML::RARA (APL) and others without RARG or RARA rearrangement (AML). (C) Volcano plots showing DEGs among the 3 subtypes. Most significant DEGs or interested genes are labeled, and CD38, RARA, and RARG are highlighted. (D) The distribution of expression levels for representative genes shown by violin plots. The x-axis indicates the 3 subtypes, whereas the y-axis represents gene expression level (FPKM) in log scale. Each dot corresponds to 1 sample. The significance levels of difference were determined using the Wilcoxon rank-sum test. FPKM, Fragments per kilobase per million. Myeloid TF, myeloid transcription factor.