Differential abundance analysis of the different treatment groups and HCs. LefSe analysis of the 2 dominating phyla, Bacteroidota (A) and Firmicutes (B), across HCs and the 4 different treatment groups. Taxa that differed significantly in abundance between the groups are indicated by a line and asterisks. HCs had a gut microbiota dominated by butyrate-producing taxa of the Firmicutes phyla, such as Faecalibacterium of the family Ruminococcaceae. Here, we show taxa with a linear discriminant analysis score > 0.005 and an overall median proportion > 1%. ∗P < .05, ∗∗P < .01, and ∗∗∗P < .001.