DOCK11 mutations lead to abnormal cell morphologies. Spreading assays with different lymphocytes subsets. (A) T-cell morphologies after spreading. Blue color corresponds to 4′,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole staining (nucleus). Red color corresponds to actin staining. Each patient is represented by a different symbol: patient A (⁕), patient B (●), patient C (■), patient D1 (×), patient D2 (★), patient F (∇), and patient G (o). Coverslips were coated with either poly-L-lysine (i); poly-L-lysine, anti-CD28, and anti-CD3 (0.1 μg/mL) antibodies (ii); or poly-L-lysine, anti-CD28, and anti-CD3 (1 μg/mL) antibodies (iii). Scale is set at 10 μm. Cell area was measured with or without CN02 treatment (CDC42/RAC1 activator). Nonparametric Kruskal-Wallis test was performed (∗P < .05). (B) B-lymphoblastic cell lines morphologies after spreading. Several morphologies were observed: cells with no protrusion, cells spread along 1 axis, cells with fine protrusions (filopodia), cells with lamellipodia, and cells presenting both lamellipodia and filopodia. Cells from patients presented abnormal protrusions. Repartition of each morphology types is shown. Scale is set at 10 μm. (C) Morphologies of mature MDDCs from HD, using either a scramble shRNA or a DOCK11-shRNA, after stimulation with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) 100 ng/mL for 24 hours, were observed using scanning electron microscopy. Scale is set at 5 μm.