Generation of TCRvβ-CARTs to detect PTCL malignant clones. (A) TCRvβ repertoire of CD3⁺ T cells from healthy donors (left) or a patient with Sézary syndrome (right), determined by flow cytometry. Each dot represents an individual healthy donor (n = 5). Malignant cells (red) can be identified as a dominant clone in 1 TCRvβ family. (B) Design of second-generation CARs including scFvs derived from the sequences of heavy (H) and light (L) chains of antibodies against TCRvβ families and intracellular signaling domains (Dz) (left). Expression of the CAR on the T-cell surface allows targeting of malignant cells expressing the TCRvβ family (right). (C) Representative plot of expanded normal donor T cells that were transduced with a TCRvβ12-targeting CAR. CAR expression was confirmed by staining with protein L and observing coexpression with the transduction marker, GFP, by flow cytometry.