Response assessment flowchart for patients with ≥5% BM blasts at baseline. A flowchart for response assessment per the IWG 2023 response criteria is depicted. Responses shown in green (CR, CR equivalent, CR_uni, CR_bi, CRh, PR, and HI) are considered an objective response, whereas PD (shown in red) is considered treatment failure. CR_L is a composite of CR_uni and CR_bi, depending on the number of lineages with cell counts at or above the threshold for CR. Of note, patients require ≥5% blasts before treatment initiation to be considered evaluable for CR, PR, CRh, or CR_L but response is independent of baseline PB counts. Among patients with <5% blasts at baseline, patients who achieve hematologic recovery consistent with thresholds for CR (ie, Hb ≥ 10 g/dL, platelets ≥ 100 × 10⁹/L, and ANC ≥ 1.0 × 10⁹/L) as well as complete clearance of all baseline cytogenetic abnormalities should be reported as a CR equivalent and included in the ORR (see Figure 2 for details). For patients with MDS-IB2 and/or AML/MDS overlap, reporting of CRh can be considered to enhance consistency with AML trials. Both CR_L and CRh are considered provisional response criteria requiring additional prospective validation (shown in light green).