Enhanced proliferation of JMML progenitor cells under hypoxic condition. (A) Representative microscopic images (6.3× magnification) of pd-JAO-dc maintained under hypoxic and normoxic conditions on day 15 derived from 3 patients diagnosed with JMML. (B) pd-JAO-dc cell count (day 15, normoxia N = 14, hypoxia N = 33), (C) time of cell sprouting from the 3D system (normoxia N = 11, hypoxia N = 13), and (D) pd-JAO system death (normoxia N = 11, hypoxia N = 12) in hypoxia and normoxia. ∗P ≤ .05; ∗∗P ≤ .01;∗∗∗∗P ≤ .0001 by unpaired t test with Welch's correction. Bars are shown as mean ± standard error of the mean (SEM). (E) Immunophenotype analysis of pd-JAO-dc maintained in the 2 tested conditions. Pt, patient.