Mechanism governing the decrease in shear rate with increasing wound size. (A) The graph shows the maximum shear rates at the edge of the wound after puncture of the carotid artery, aorta, saphenous vein, or median cubital vein, as a function of the diameter of the injury. Individual symbols represent individual mice or donors. (B-E) Simulations of puncture of the median cubital vein without a catheter. (B) The dot plot shows the maximum shear rates at the edge of the wound calculated with the hybrid model, as a function of the radius of the injury. Individual symbols represent individual simulations. The dots are approximated by linear (linear dependence) and inverse cube (cube dependence) functions for injury radii of 0 to 30 μm and 150 to 350 μm, with adjusted R2 values of 0.99 and 0.98, respectively. (C) The curves show the blood flow rate upstream (inflowing stream) and downstream (outflowing stream) of the site of injury and through the wound (injury stream) calculated with the hybrid model, as a function of the radius of the injury. Individual symbols represent individual simulations. (D) The green curve represents the hydrodynamic resistance of the wound, as a function of the radius of the injury. The horizontal blue line represents the hydrodynamic resistance of the median cubital vein. (E) The dot plot shows the maximum shear rates at the edge of the wound calculated with the hybrid model, as a function of the radius of the injury. Individual symbols represent individual simulations. The vertical blue line represents the threshold value of the radius of the injury at which the hydrodynamic resistance of the median cubital vein is equal to that of the wound. The green and orange areas indicate the ranges of injury radii for which the blood flow passes mostly through the downstream vessel network or through the injury, respectively, as shown in the 3D schemas above.