Figure 2.
Shear rates after puncture of a mouse carotid artery. (A) The dot plot shows the mean blood flow velocities in the intact left carotid artery. Data are presented as the mean ± SEM, and individual symbols represent individual mice. (B-H) Injury was induced by needle puncture of the left common carotid artery of wild-type mice. (B) The curves show the blood flow velocities upstream and downstream of the site of injury, as a function of the time after injury. (C) Representative image obtained with the model, whose 3D geometry is presented in the upper right corner. The red rectangle defines the zx-section of observation, and the injury appears at the top of the cylinder mimicking the carotid artery. At the side, the colors indicate the shear rates 8.75 seconds after puncture in the zx-section. The schema in the lower right corner depicts the positions of the external space and vessel lumen with arrows indicating the direction of blood flow. (D) The curve shows the shear rate at the edge of the wound calculated with the model, as a function of the time after injury. (E), The graph shows the maximum shear rates at the edge of the wound calculated with the model for 2 different shapes of the lesion (circle and ellipse), whose 3D geometry is presented in the upper right corner. The presence or absence (+ or –) of the vessel borders rolled inside the lumen was used to mimic the presence or absence of the ruptured ends of the carotid artery, whose 3D geometry is presented in the lower right corner. Individual symbols in the columns represent individual mice, and symbols pertaining to the same mouse are joined by a line. (F) The dot plot shows the maximum shear rates at the edge of the wound calculated with the model. Data are presented as the mean ± SEM, and individual symbols represent individual mice. (G) The graph shows the maximum shear rates at the edge of the wound calculated with the model, as a function of the area of the injury. Individual symbols represent individual mice. (H) Representative image obtained with the model, whose 3D geometry is presented in the upper right corner. The red rectangle defines the zx-section of observation, and the injury appears at the top of the cylinder mimicking the carotid artery. At the side, the colors indicate the elongational flows 8.75 seconds after puncture in the zx-section. The schema in the lower right corner depicts the positions of the external space and vessel lumen with arrows indicating the direction of blood flow.

Shear rates after puncture of a mouse carotid artery. (A) The dot plot shows the mean blood flow velocities in the intact left carotid artery. Data are presented as the mean ± SEM, and individual symbols represent individual mice. (B-H) Injury was induced by needle puncture of the left common carotid artery of wild-type mice. (B) The curves show the blood flow velocities upstream and downstream of the site of injury, as a function of the time after injury. (C) Representative image obtained with the model, whose 3D geometry is presented in the upper right corner. The red rectangle defines the zx-section of observation, and the injury appears at the top of the cylinder mimicking the carotid artery. At the side, the colors indicate the shear rates 8.75 seconds after puncture in the zx-section. The schema in the lower right corner depicts the positions of the external space and vessel lumen with arrows indicating the direction of blood flow. (D) The curve shows the shear rate at the edge of the wound calculated with the model, as a function of the time after injury. (E), The graph shows the maximum shear rates at the edge of the wound calculated with the model for 2 different shapes of the lesion (circle and ellipse), whose 3D geometry is presented in the upper right corner. The presence or absence (+ or –) of the vessel borders rolled inside the lumen was used to mimic the presence or absence of the ruptured ends of the carotid artery, whose 3D geometry is presented in the lower right corner. Individual symbols in the columns represent individual mice, and symbols pertaining to the same mouse are joined by a line. (F) The dot plot shows the maximum shear rates at the edge of the wound calculated with the model. Data are presented as the mean ± SEM, and individual symbols represent individual mice. (G) The graph shows the maximum shear rates at the edge of the wound calculated with the model, as a function of the area of the injury. Individual symbols represent individual mice. (H) Representative image obtained with the model, whose 3D geometry is presented in the upper right corner. The red rectangle defines the zx-section of observation, and the injury appears at the top of the cylinder mimicking the carotid artery. At the side, the colors indicate the elongational flows 8.75 seconds after puncture in the zx-section. The schema in the lower right corner depicts the positions of the external space and vessel lumen with arrows indicating the direction of blood flow.

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