Sensitivity of molecular and multi-parametric flow cytometry methods for the detection of MRD in patients with AML. MRD positivity is associated with disease relapse. However, clonal evolution, immunophenotype shifts, or the onset of secondary independent leukemias may occur during follow-up and may escape MRD detection. aNGS, amplicon next-generation sequencing; ddPCR, digital droplet polymerase chain reaction; qRT-PCR, quantitative reverse transcriptase PCR; t-NGS, targeted NGS.