PKCβ inhibition reduces MCAO-induced inflammation. Mice were treated with either vehicle (Veh) or the PKCβ inhibitor (PKCβi; 10 mg/kg) once a day for 3 days and then subjected to MCAO followed by 1 additional dose of the inhibitor 1 hour later. (A) Twenty-four hours after MCAO, representative confocal images were obtained from the contralateral and ipsilateral (ischemic core) regions stained with vessel marker IB4 (purple) and leukocyte marker CD45 (green) showing leukostasis (arrowheads) and infiltration of CD45⁺ cells to the parenchyma (arrows). Scale bar, 30 µm. (C) Stitched confocal images of the whole brain section showing the contralateral region on the left and ipsilateral on the right, stained with neutrophil marker Ly6G (green) and nuclei marker 4′,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI; blue). Scale bar, 500 µm. The number of CD45⁺ (B) and Ly6G⁺ (D) cells was counted in both contralateral (red bars) and ipsilateral (blue bars) hemispheres. Data are represented as mean ± standard error of the mean. One-way analysis of variance followed by a Holm-Šídák post hoc test. **P < .01, ****P < .0001. ns, nonsignificant.