Framework for studies “toward personalized genomic interpretations” (TPGI). MALO: More severe than expected for disease; As expected for disease; Less severe than expected for disease, and Opposite phenotype. *Gene selection by any broadly relevant set of panels such as PanelApp established for 100 000 Genomes Project interpretations⁵⁰  suggested to include additional categories less relevant to phenotypes (as in current study) to control for methodological biases. Where TPGI demonstrates evidence of relevance across a patient cohort, this supports attention to a subsequent “for personalized genomic interpretations” (FPGI) stage to be developed within mainstream medicine. WES, whole exome sequencing; WGS, whole genome sequencing.