Blockade of CD38 prevents production of adenosine (ADO), improving the ability of macrophages to phagocytose blasts (top left). Blockade of CD47 with Hu5F9 prevents interaction of CD47 and signal regulatory protein α (SIRPa) on macrophages, removing a negative regulator of phagocytosis (middle right). Combined blockade of CD38 and CD47 significantly prolongs survival in patient-derived xenografts of T-ALL with overt leukemia (bottom right). Professional illustration by Somersault18:24.