Examination of plasma cytokine levels after UMGD. (A) Blood samples were collected from each UMGD-treated dog before treatment (day 0) and at 1, 3, and 7 days after treatment. Several cytokines including (A) IFN-γ, (B) IL-2, (C) IL-6, (D) IL-8, (E) IL-10, (F) IL-18, (G) Kupffer cell–like, (H) MCP-1, and (I) TNF-α were examined. Gray area indicates the normal range of each cytokine levels in normal dogs.