HBsAg⁺ FLs display a different TME. (A-C) Comparison of different types of tumor-infiltrating immune cells in HBsAg⁺ (n = 24) and HBsAg⁻ (n = 77) FLs, including B-cell types (A), macrophages (B), and T-cell types (C). RNAseq data were used to predict tumor-infiltrating immune cells based on the online tool xCell (https://xcell.ucsf.edu/). (D-E) Dot plot (D) and heatmap (E) show increased T-cell exhaustion in tumor cells from HBsAg⁺ FLs. A 6-gene panel (PDCD1, CTLA4, TIGIT, LAG3, HAVCR2, and CD274/PD-L1) was used to generate a score of T-cell exhaustion. The Mann-Whitney U test was used to calculate the P value. RNAseq, RNA sequencing.