Pathophysiology and targeted therapy for post-HSCT immune-mediated anemia. Post-HSCT anemia is multifactorial as a result of new auto- or alloantibodies in combination with T cell– and cytokine-mediated inflammatory processes. There are no formal guidelines in management. Several therapeutic approaches that target different pathophysiologic aspects of post-HSCT immune-mediated anemia are outlined. DLI, donor lymphocyte infusion; IVIG, IV immunoglobulin; Syk, spleen tyrosine kinase.