Identification of IL1RAP as the most discriminating marker in standard chemotherapy-treated patients with AML. (A) PCA from Patient 3 and three NBM samples of 40 FlowSOM-based clusters and the contribution of the included markers to the separation of the clusters. (B) The same PCA, now with the 40 clusters assigned to a condition (diagnosis, healthy, relapse, or MRD). PC1 mainly represents the difference between healthy (blue) and AML (other). (C) The highest ranking markers contributing to PC1 for 18 AMLs. (D) The highest ranking markers contributing to PC2 for 18 AMLs. (E) The cohort was split into 2 groups based on relapse, and the normalized expression of IL1RAP was plotted. The asterisk indicates the significant difference (P < .05) between IL1RAP expression in MRD clusters of non-relapsed vs relapsed patients. (F) The cohort was split into 4 groups based on positivity for the EuroFlow and the PM markers. Normalized IL1RAP expression in the MRD-specific clusters was plotted. EF^-PM^- , EuroFlow-negative PM-negative; EF^-PM⁺, EuroFlow-negative PM-positive; EF⁺PM^-, EuroFlow-positive PM-negative; EF⁺PM⁺, EuroFlow-positive PM-positive.