Phenotypic characterization of fCD8s in LN in HIV-1 infection. (A) Paired comparative analysis of the frequency of fCD8s (CD8⁺CXCR5⁺) in LN and peripheral blood (PB) of 17 participants: untreated (n = 5), treated (n = 7), and HIV⁻ (n = 5). Analysis shows a significant increase in fCD8s in LN compared with PB. (B) Comparative analysis of treated and untreated (n = 5) patients with HIV vs HIV⁻ group (n = 5) shows a significant increase in fCD8s in patients infected with HIV. (C) Representative plot showing the significantly low frequency of HIV-specific CD8⁺ T cells expressing CXCR5.