Mean difference in life years and QALYs and their 95% CI between combined modality treatment and chemotherapy-alone. Stratified results by outcome, age, sex, OAR doses, and future health discount factor for never-smokers (A and C) and current smokers (B and D). The y-axis is the estimated mean difference in the expected life years (or QALYs) if the patient were to receive CMT minus those expected if the patient received chemotherapy-alone. The OAR dose examples are as follows: (1) unilateral neck only (IFRT), (2) average doses for all PET-negative RAPID patients, (3) average doses for PET-negative RAPID patients with mediastinal involvement, (4) bilateral neck and whole mediastinum (IFRT), and (5) mantle field RT (including bilateral axillae).