ANV-6L15 reduced TBI-induced vascular permeability. (A-C) Topical and coronal views of representative mouse brains collected 6 hours after TBI show hematoma (dark red) and vascular permeability (blue), both of which were reduced in TBI mice receiving ANV-6L15 and not observed in sham mice. (D) Summary of Evans blue tests from multiple experiments (n = 8 mice per group, 1-way ANOVA on ranks). (E) Brain-water content of TBI mice receiving either ANV-6L15 or control, and of sham mice (n = 8 mice per group, 1-way ANOVA). Lungs from these mice were examined for vascular leakage (F) and tissue edema (G) (n = 8 mice per group, one-way ANOVA). Representative H&E stains of lung sections show red cell accumulation in the alveolar spaces of TBI mice (H) (arrow: RBCs, scale bar, 50) and capillary dilation (I) (asterisk: RBC in alveolar space, green arrows: dilated capillaries; scale bar, 200 µm). The acute lung injury was drastically reduced in TBI mice receiving ANV-6L15 (J) (arrowhead: microbleed, arrow: interstitial edema; scale bar, 50 µm) and was not observed in sham mice (K) (scale bar, 50 µm).