ANV-6L15 increased survival, improved neurological function, and reduced hematoma in TBI mice. C57BL/6 male mice were subjected to FPI and received 90 µg/kg of ANV-6L15 by IV 30 minutes postinjury or underwent sham surgery. (A-B) Their 3-day survival was measured by Kaplan Meier survival analysis (A) (n = 12 mice per group), and their neurological functions were evaluated using mNSS (B) (n = 12 mice per group, 1-way ANOVA). (C-D) TBI and sham mice also received MRI scans 3 hours after injury. FPI induced large subdural hematoma (the white area enclosed by the green circle; asterisk indicates the site of FPI) and intraventricular hemorrhage (C), which was significantly reduced in TBI mice receiving ANV-6L15 (D). (E-F) Small cerebral lesions were also detected in sham mice (E), and their volume was set as the baseline on which the hematoma volume of TBI mice was calculated (F) (n = 6 mice per group, paired Student t test). (G-H) Representative images of H&E stained cerebral tissue from TBI mice show a large subdural hematoma (asterisk; scale bar, 50 µm) (G), substantial intracerebral (black arrows) and perivascular hemorrhage (red arrows) (H), and multiple foci of cerebral edema (black star; scale bar, 50 µm). (I-J) These changes were less severe in TBI mice receiving ANV-6L15 (I) (asterisk denotes subdural hematoma, scale bar, 50 µm), and were not observed in sham mice (J).