Gut microbiome and NF in patients with AML. (A) Relative abundances of genera in the 2 cohorts. Mean relative abundances across all samples are shown. Genera with a relative abundance < 1% are shown in aggregate. (B) LDA coupled with effect size measurements (LEfSe) in the 2 cohorts. Differentially abundant OTUs (LDA score > 3.0; P < .05) in high-risk samples are shown as red bars to the right; those more abundant in low-risk samples are shown as blue bars to the left. “f” and “g” in the plot for cohort 2 indicate family and genus, respectively. All significant taxa in cohort 1 were classifiable to the genus level, thus “f” and “g” notations are not used. High- and low-risk samples are defined by whether were followed or not by a new episode of NF within 7 days, respectively. (C) Relative abundance of Akkermansia in stool samples followed vs not followed by a new episode of NF within 7 days, with the 2 cohorts combined. A horizontal jitter was added for better visualization. The P value was derived from Welch’s t test. (D) Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis for the relative abundance of Akkermansia as a predictor of a new episode of NF within the next 7 days. AUC, area under the curve; CI, confidence interval.