Immunomodulatory therapeutic mechanism of low-dose decitabine in ITP. (A) In ITP there is a quantitative and qualitative impairment in Tregs, with an expansion of Th1 and Th17 cells, resulting in loss of immune tolerance leading to thrombocytopenia. (B) Low-dose decitabine treatment in ITP, through inhibition of STAT3, modulates Tregs, increasing their numbers and suppressive function. Additionally, Th1 and Th17 cells are suppressed. Collectively, this leads to a rebalanced T-cell homeostasis, resulting in a restored immune tolerance that allows platelet counts to increase. PLT, platelet.