Figure 5.
Aberrant glycosylation of anti-spike IgG in immune complexes act in concert with VWF to enhance platelet thrombus formation. SARS-CoV-2 infects vascular endothelial cells, and combined with other inflammatory signals, results in endothelial activation and release of prothrombotic factors including VWF. After the onset of adaptive immunity, anti-spike IgG accumulates in the circulation and binds to SARS-CoV-2. In critically ill patients with COVID-19, anti-spike IgG has abnormally low levels of fucosylation and high levels of galactosylation. Immune complexes containing this aberrant glycosylation pattern activate platelet FcγRIIA, which stimulates intracellular signals that synergize with the adhesive ligand VWF to promote platelet activation and thrombus formation. Schematic was created with BioRender.com.

Aberrant glycosylation of anti-spike IgG in immune complexes act in concert with VWF to enhance platelet thrombus formation. SARS-CoV-2 infects vascular endothelial cells, and combined with other inflammatory signals, results in endothelial activation and release of prothrombotic factors including VWF. After the onset of adaptive immunity, anti-spike IgG accumulates in the circulation and binds to SARS-CoV-2. In critically ill patients with COVID-19, anti-spike IgG has abnormally low levels of fucosylation and high levels of galactosylation. Immune complexes containing this aberrant glycosylation pattern activate platelet FcγRIIA, which stimulates intracellular signals that synergize with the adhesive ligand VWF to promote platelet activation and thrombus formation. Schematic was created with BioRender.com.

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