Cumulative incidence of death from hematological malignancies for community-dwelling individuals with and without peripheral cytopenias. Stacked cumulative incidence graphs show the probabilities of mortality from hematological malignancies vs other causes, stratified according to the presence of anemia (A), thrombocytopenia (B), neutropenia (C), or >1 peripheral cytopenia (D). Data on primary cause of death were obtained by linkage to the national registry of death statistics. Results for this analysis are based on calculations by the authors using nonpublic microdata from Statistics Netherlands. Anemia: hemoglobin concentration <13.0 g/dL in men and <12.0 g/dL in women; thrombocytopenia: platelet count <150 × 109/L; neutropenia: neutrophil count <1.8 × 109/L.