VWF factor levels among groups with different types of rare nonsynonymous VWF variants. The distributions of VWF antigen levels (vertical lines show medians) in normal subjects are compared with those of groups of subjects with VWD or low VWF who carry pathogenic variants, predicted pathogenic variants (1 + CADD >20), variants with low pathogenicity (1 + CADD <20), or no variants. CADD, combined annotation-dependent depletion. See Figure 3 in the article by Sadler et al that begins on page 3277.