ox-mtDNA is higher in PB plasma from patients with MDS compared with patients who have other hematologic diseases. (A) Box and whisker plot denoting median and variability of lower and upper bound of PB plasma log₁₀-transformed, glucose-adjusted ox-mtDNA levels are significantly increased in patients with MDS compared with healthy donors, all other hematologic malignancies (except CLL), and in individuals with T2D. Cross-validation analysis of MDS compared with non-MDS hematologic controls (excluding CLL) (B) and reactive conditions (T2D, CHIP, anemia) (C). Anemia includes both aplastic and pure red blood cell anemia. Ave, average.