cfDNA concentration in IVLBCL. (A) Plasma (P) cfDNA concentration at diagnosis in patients with DLBCL, IVLBCL, and normal volunteer donors are compared. Note that the P-cfDNA concentration in IVLBCL is significantly higher than that in DLBCL and normal donors. Box-and-whisker plot with 10% to 90% is shown. Asterisks indicate significant differences. (B-D) Time-dependent analyses of the cfDNA concentration in an individual patient with IVLBCL during the clinical course is shown. After the first chemotherapy, the cfDNA concentration (red line) in each patient was markedly decreased as well as the serum LDH level (blue line). Blue and white triangles indicate the first day of each chemotherapy regimen. R, rituximab; THP, pirarubicin.