Infection and TGF-β overactivity aggravate thrombus fibrosis. (A) Workflow for thrombus induction and infection. (B) Plasma levels of active TGF-β1 and (C) harvested thrombus weights on day 21 after ligation (n = 5-6 mice per group). (D) Representative trichrome staining of day 21 mouse thrombus and collagen area relative to total thrombus area (n = 4-5 mice per group) (scale bars, 200 µm). (E) qPCR analysis of profibrotic genes in mouse thrombus on day 21 after ligation (n = 5-6 mice per group). Data are shown as mean ± SEM. *P < .05 (unpaired Student t test).