Mechanisms of key mutations in gene categories represented in MDS/MPN overlap syndromes. This figure illustrates the top represented mutated genes in each of four categories: signaling (pink), epigenetic (green), transcription (blue), and splicing (orange). Key mutated genes in each panel are highlighted by lightning, and the color red corresponds to gain-of-function (GOF) mutations, whereas the color blue denotes a loss-of-function (LOF) or dominant negative (DN) mutant effect. Other RAS pathway genes* include NRAS, KRAS, CBL, PTPN11, and NF1.