Hepcidin expression in nonpregnant and pregnant females and embryos in mice. WT C57BL6/J nonpregnant females were compared with age-matched pregnant females and their embryos at E18.5 for hepatic Hamp mRNA (A) and serum hepcidin (B) concentrations. Statistical differences between groups was determined by 2-tailed Student t test for normally distributed values or by Mann-Whitney rank-sum test for nonnormally distributed values (indicated by * following P value). Emb, embryos; Non-P, nonpregnant; Preg, pregnant.