Local cholinergic signals regulate oscillatory expression of β₃-AR in BM.Adrb2 (A) and Adrb3 (B) mRNA expression in the BM of Gfra2^−/− and Gfra2^+/− control mice at the specified ZT. ZT21 has been duplicated to facilitate viewing. (C) Adrb3 mRNA expression in MS-5 cell line cultures treated with vehicle (veh) or acetylcholine (ach; 10 µM) for 6 hours. (D) Adrb3 mRNA expression in the BM of WT mice treated with acetylcholine antagonists (i.p.) at ZT5 and analyzed at ZT13. All data are mean ± standard error of the mean; n (inside bars) and P values (multivariate analysis for >2 groups) are indicated. *P < .05, ***P < .001, multiple 2-tailed test (A-B), unpaired 2-tailed t test (C), 1-way analysis of variance with Bonferroni comparisons (D).