Table 2.

Clonally restricted mutations observed in specific clinical settings in the absence of overt neoplasia

Clinical setting and reference(s)Gene
Aging-associated: ARCH or CHIP2-4,16,17  DNMT3A, TET2, ASXL1, JAK2, TP53; many others are recurrent but less frequent 
History of chemotherapy or radiotherapy35,36  TP53, PPM1D 
Aplastic anemia34  BCOR, BCORL1, PIGA; DNMT3A, ASXL1 
Severe congenital neutropenia or Shwachman-Bodian-Diamond syndrome73,74  CSF3R, TP53 
Unexplained monocytosis75  ASXL1, CBL, DNMT3A, NRAS, RUNX1 
Clinical setting and reference(s)Gene
Aging-associated: ARCH or CHIP2-4,16,17  DNMT3A, TET2, ASXL1, JAK2, TP53; many others are recurrent but less frequent 
History of chemotherapy or radiotherapy35,36  TP53, PPM1D 
Aplastic anemia34  BCOR, BCORL1, PIGA; DNMT3A, ASXL1 
Severe congenital neutropenia or Shwachman-Bodian-Diamond syndrome73,74  CSF3R, TP53 
Unexplained monocytosis75  ASXL1, CBL, DNMT3A, NRAS, RUNX1 
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