Table 2.

Clinical parameters associated with residual DOAC levels: multivariate logistic regression analyses stratified according to region

Clinical parameterComparison≥30 ng/mL≥50 ng/mL
OR [95% CI]POR [95% CI]P
Low-bleeding-risk procedures      
 DOAC Dabigatran vs apixaban 0.63 [0.47-0.84] .0019 0.71 [0.45-1.14] .1553 
  Rivaroxaban vs apixaban 1.0 [0.8-1.25] .9849 0.42 [0.26-0.67] .0003 
 Age, y ≥75 vs <75 1.31 [1.06-1.62] .0127 1.49 [1.03-2.17] .0367 
 Sex Female vs male 1.36 [1.1-1.68] .004 1.73 [1.2-2.49] .0034 
 Weight, kg 70-90 vs <70 0.97 [0.74-1.27] .8122 0.96 [0.6-1.55] .881 
  >90 vs <70 1.1 [0.82-1.48] .5042 1.33 [0.81-2.21] .2637 
 CrCl, mL/min ≥50 vs <50 0.65 [0.49-0.86] .0024 0.56 [0.35-0.91] .0193 
 P-glycoprotein or CYP3A4 inhibitor Presence vs absence 1.08 [0.75-1.55] .6712 1.15 [0.64-2.1] .6378 
 Active cancer Presence vs absence —* —* 1.69 [0.88-3.27] .1167 
 DOAC dosing Low dose vs standard dose 0.77 [0.59-1.01] .0606 0.53 [0.32-0.86] .0106 
 DOAC interruption, h <36 vs 36-48 1.44 [1.04-1.99] .0262 1.57 [0.93-2.62] .0888 
  >48 vs 36-48 0.78 [0.8-1.01] .0624 0.75 [0.44-1.28] .2919 
High-bleeding-risk procedures      
 DOAC Dabigatran vs apixaban 0.23 [0.05-1.0] .0504 0.39 [0.04-3.5] .4027 
  Rivaroxaban vs apixaban 2.73 [1.56-4.8] .0005 0.43 [0.08-2.36] .3328 
 Age, y ≥75 vs <75 0.84 [0.49-1.45] .5411 1.7 [0.38-7.55] .4838 
 Sex Female vs male 1.32 [0.77-2.27] .3137 5.55 [1.02-30.05] .0469 
 Weight, kg 70-90 vs <70 0.61 [0.33-1.1] .1014 0.95 [0.21-4.29] .9476 
  >90 vs <70 0.43 [0.2-0.92] .0304 0.51 [0.04-6.21] .5979 
 CrCl, mL/min ≥50 vs <50 0.45 [0.24-0.85] .0139 0.42 [0.09-1.94] .2664 
 P-glycoprotein or CYP3A4 inhibitor Presence vs absence 1.33 [0.48-3.71] .583 —* —* 
 Active cancer Presence vs absence —* —* —* —* 
 DOAC dosing Low dose vs standard dose 0.52 [0.28-0.98] .0442 0.51 [0.11-2.41] .3968 
 DOAC interruption, h <60 vs 60-72 1.51 [0.66-3.42] .3279 0.77 [0.09-6.31] .8054 
  >72 vs 60-72 0.83 [0.47-1.46] .5116 0.44 [0.05-4.16] .4712 
Clinical parameterComparison≥30 ng/mL≥50 ng/mL
OR [95% CI]POR [95% CI]P
Low-bleeding-risk procedures      
 DOAC Dabigatran vs apixaban 0.63 [0.47-0.84] .0019 0.71 [0.45-1.14] .1553 
  Rivaroxaban vs apixaban 1.0 [0.8-1.25] .9849 0.42 [0.26-0.67] .0003 
 Age, y ≥75 vs <75 1.31 [1.06-1.62] .0127 1.49 [1.03-2.17] .0367 
 Sex Female vs male 1.36 [1.1-1.68] .004 1.73 [1.2-2.49] .0034 
 Weight, kg 70-90 vs <70 0.97 [0.74-1.27] .8122 0.96 [0.6-1.55] .881 
  >90 vs <70 1.1 [0.82-1.48] .5042 1.33 [0.81-2.21] .2637 
 CrCl, mL/min ≥50 vs <50 0.65 [0.49-0.86] .0024 0.56 [0.35-0.91] .0193 
 P-glycoprotein or CYP3A4 inhibitor Presence vs absence 1.08 [0.75-1.55] .6712 1.15 [0.64-2.1] .6378 
 Active cancer Presence vs absence —* —* 1.69 [0.88-3.27] .1167 
 DOAC dosing Low dose vs standard dose 0.77 [0.59-1.01] .0606 0.53 [0.32-0.86] .0106 
 DOAC interruption, h <36 vs 36-48 1.44 [1.04-1.99] .0262 1.57 [0.93-2.62] .0888 
  >48 vs 36-48 0.78 [0.8-1.01] .0624 0.75 [0.44-1.28] .2919 
High-bleeding-risk procedures      
 DOAC Dabigatran vs apixaban 0.23 [0.05-1.0] .0504 0.39 [0.04-3.5] .4027 
  Rivaroxaban vs apixaban 2.73 [1.56-4.8] .0005 0.43 [0.08-2.36] .3328 
 Age, y ≥75 vs <75 0.84 [0.49-1.45] .5411 1.7 [0.38-7.55] .4838 
 Sex Female vs male 1.32 [0.77-2.27] .3137 5.55 [1.02-30.05] .0469 
 Weight, kg 70-90 vs <70 0.61 [0.33-1.1] .1014 0.95 [0.21-4.29] .9476 
  >90 vs <70 0.43 [0.2-0.92] .0304 0.51 [0.04-6.21] .5979 
 CrCl, mL/min ≥50 vs <50 0.45 [0.24-0.85] .0139 0.42 [0.09-1.94] .2664 
 P-glycoprotein or CYP3A4 inhibitor Presence vs absence 1.33 [0.48-3.71] .583 —* —* 
 Active cancer Presence vs absence —* —* —* —* 
 DOAC dosing Low dose vs standard dose 0.52 [0.28-0.98] .0442 0.51 [0.11-2.41] .3968 
 DOAC interruption, h <60 vs 60-72 1.51 [0.66-3.42] .3279 0.77 [0.09-6.31] .8054 
  >72 vs 60-72 0.83 [0.47-1.46] .5116 0.44 [0.05-4.16] .4712 

Bold values in the table represent results that were statistically significant (P < .05).

CI, confidence interval; OR, odds ratio.

*

Dashes represent variables that were omitted from the multivariate model due to small sample sizes and minimal impact on the model.

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