Treatment, hematology, and nephrology outcomes in treated individuals (n = 154)
| Duration of follow-up, month | 22 (11-44) |
| First-line chemotherapy, n (%) | |
| Bortezomib-based therapy | 93 (60) |
| IMiD-based therapy* | 15 (10) |
| Combination bortezomib and IMiDs | 19 (12) |
| Alkylating-based (without bortezomib or IMiDs) | 9 (5.8) |
| Vincristine-doxorubicin-dexamethasone | 13 (8.4) |
| Dexamethasone only | 5 (3.2) |
| Plasma exchange or high-cutoff hemodialysis | 36 |
| Second-line chemotherapy, n (%) | |
| None | 79 (51) |
| Proteasome inhibitors | 26 (17) |
| IMiD-based therapy | 34 (22) |
| Combination proteasome inhibitors and IMiDs | 15 (9.7) |
| Autologous stem cell transplantation | 39 |
| Hematologic response, % | |
| Near CR or better | 38 |
| Very good partial response | 31 |
| Partial response | 22 |
| Stable disease or worse | 9 |
| Light chain response | |
| 60% reduction in FLCs after the first cycle, % | 73 |
| FLC ≤ 500 mg/L, % | 82 |
| Best serum FLC level, mg/L | 38 (13-319) |
| Best FLC reduction, % | 99 (93-99) |
| Renal response | |
| Best eGFR, mL/min/1.73m2 | 43 ± 30 |
| Dialysis dependency, % | 26% |
| IMWG renal response criteria, % | |
| Complete, partial, minor, none | 28, 21, 21, 30 |
| Duration of follow-up, month | 22 (11-44) |
| First-line chemotherapy, n (%) | |
| Bortezomib-based therapy | 93 (60) |
| IMiD-based therapy* | 15 (10) |
| Combination bortezomib and IMiDs | 19 (12) |
| Alkylating-based (without bortezomib or IMiDs) | 9 (5.8) |
| Vincristine-doxorubicin-dexamethasone | 13 (8.4) |
| Dexamethasone only | 5 (3.2) |
| Plasma exchange or high-cutoff hemodialysis | 36 |
| Second-line chemotherapy, n (%) | |
| None | 79 (51) |
| Proteasome inhibitors | 26 (17) |
| IMiD-based therapy | 34 (22) |
| Combination proteasome inhibitors and IMiDs | 15 (9.7) |
| Autologous stem cell transplantation | 39 |
| Hematologic response, % | |
| Near CR or better | 38 |
| Very good partial response | 31 |
| Partial response | 22 |
| Stable disease or worse | 9 |
| Light chain response | |
| 60% reduction in FLCs after the first cycle, % | 73 |
| FLC ≤ 500 mg/L, % | 82 |
| Best serum FLC level, mg/L | 38 (13-319) |
| Best FLC reduction, % | 99 (93-99) |
| Renal response | |
| Best eGFR, mL/min/1.73m2 | 43 ± 30 |
| Dialysis dependency, % | 26% |
| IMWG renal response criteria, % | |
| Complete, partial, minor, none | 28, 21, 21, 30 |
Cohort of subjects with at least 2 months’ follow-up and 1 complete chemotherapy cycle were included. Missing data were as follows: best hematologic remission status (3%), best serum FLC level (13%), best FLC reduction (15%), >60% reduction in serum FLC level after 1 initial cycle of chemotherapy (18%), and AKIN stage improvement (16%).
IMiD, immunomodulatory drug.
Includes thalidomide, lenalidomide, and pomalidomide.