Studies of Exercise and the Immune System in Hematologic Malignancies
| Reference . | Year . | Study design . | Hematologic malignancy . | Exercise intervention . | Immune component examined . | Results . |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Battaglini et al103 | 2009 | Single center, prospective | Acute leukemia | Aerobic and strength exercise program 3 times per wk | IL-6. IL-10, IFN -γ | Cardiorespiratory endurance improved (P = .009, decrease in fatigue scores (P = .009), decrease in depression scores (P = .023). Trend toward significant decrease in IL-6 (P = .059); no significant changes in IL-10 (P = .223) or IFN-γ (P = .882) |
| Ladha et al104 | 2006 | Single center, prospective RCT | ALL | A single 30-min treadmill intervention to peak VO2 capacity | Neutrophil number and function | Increase in absolute neutrophil count in both exercise groups (ALL and healthy control), P = .011. Neutrophil oxidative capacity was decreased at baseline for the ALL group (P = .029) but improved with exercise |
| Perry et al100 | 2012 | Single center, prospective trial | CLL | Aerobic treadmill based exercise program | Treg, Th17-, IL-6, TGF-β, IL-2 | Exercise caused: (1) a decrease in Tregs (↓30%); (2) an increase in Th17 cells; and (3) a significant increase in the levels of IL-6 (P = .03 and TGF-β (P = .01) but not of IL-2 |
| Singh et al105 | 2005 | Murine model | T-cell lymphoma | Aerobic exercise | Macrophages, IL-1, TNF, NO | Tumor growth was reduced (P < .05). Improved survival, increased macrophage-mediated tumor cytotoxicity, and macrophage production of LPS + IFN-γ stimulated IL-1, TNF, and NO |
| Verma et al106 | 2009 | Murine model | Lymphoma | Aerobic exercise | IL-1, IL-4, IL-10, TGF-β and IFN-γ, NO, iNOS | Tumor burden and VEGF expression were reduced in a dose-dependent manner (P < .05) at 30 and 60 min postexercise. Reduced expression of IL-4 (P < .05), IL-10 (P < .05), and TGF-β but increased expression of IFN-γ and IL-1 (P < .05) |
| Zielinski et al109 | 2004 | Murine model | Lymphoma | Aerobic exercise | Macrophages and neutrophils | Delay in tumor growth, decrease in macrophages and neutrophils, decrease in tumor blood vessels (P < .006) |
| Zimmer et al102 | 2014 | Single center, prospective RTC | NHL | 30-min bicycle-based aerobic exercise | Macrophages, NK cells, CD8+ T cells, IL-6 | IL-6 was higher in the NHL patients compared with control subjects (P = .014), acetylation of the CD8+ T-cell histone H4K45 increased (P = .041) compared with control subjects |
| Reference . | Year . | Study design . | Hematologic malignancy . | Exercise intervention . | Immune component examined . | Results . |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Battaglini et al103 | 2009 | Single center, prospective | Acute leukemia | Aerobic and strength exercise program 3 times per wk | IL-6. IL-10, IFN -γ | Cardiorespiratory endurance improved (P = .009, decrease in fatigue scores (P = .009), decrease in depression scores (P = .023). Trend toward significant decrease in IL-6 (P = .059); no significant changes in IL-10 (P = .223) or IFN-γ (P = .882) |
| Ladha et al104 | 2006 | Single center, prospective RCT | ALL | A single 30-min treadmill intervention to peak VO2 capacity | Neutrophil number and function | Increase in absolute neutrophil count in both exercise groups (ALL and healthy control), P = .011. Neutrophil oxidative capacity was decreased at baseline for the ALL group (P = .029) but improved with exercise |
| Perry et al100 | 2012 | Single center, prospective trial | CLL | Aerobic treadmill based exercise program | Treg, Th17-, IL-6, TGF-β, IL-2 | Exercise caused: (1) a decrease in Tregs (↓30%); (2) an increase in Th17 cells; and (3) a significant increase in the levels of IL-6 (P = .03 and TGF-β (P = .01) but not of IL-2 |
| Singh et al105 | 2005 | Murine model | T-cell lymphoma | Aerobic exercise | Macrophages, IL-1, TNF, NO | Tumor growth was reduced (P < .05). Improved survival, increased macrophage-mediated tumor cytotoxicity, and macrophage production of LPS + IFN-γ stimulated IL-1, TNF, and NO |
| Verma et al106 | 2009 | Murine model | Lymphoma | Aerobic exercise | IL-1, IL-4, IL-10, TGF-β and IFN-γ, NO, iNOS | Tumor burden and VEGF expression were reduced in a dose-dependent manner (P < .05) at 30 and 60 min postexercise. Reduced expression of IL-4 (P < .05), IL-10 (P < .05), and TGF-β but increased expression of IFN-γ and IL-1 (P < .05) |
| Zielinski et al109 | 2004 | Murine model | Lymphoma | Aerobic exercise | Macrophages and neutrophils | Delay in tumor growth, decrease in macrophages and neutrophils, decrease in tumor blood vessels (P < .006) |
| Zimmer et al102 | 2014 | Single center, prospective RTC | NHL | 30-min bicycle-based aerobic exercise | Macrophages, NK cells, CD8+ T cells, IL-6 | IL-6 was higher in the NHL patients compared with control subjects (P = .014), acetylation of the CD8+ T-cell histone H4K45 increased (P = .041) compared with control subjects |
iNOS, inducible nitric oxide synthase; LPS, lipopolysaccharides; NO, nitric oxide; VEGF, vascular endothelial growth factor; VO2, oxygen consumption.