Alignment of GGAA Sites in Known Regulatory Regions of Human Genes
| Promoter . | Target Sequence . | In Vitro Binding . | Reference . |
|---|---|---|---|
| −65 (βc 5′) | AAGA GGAA GCA | ||
| −45 (βc 3′) | ATCA GGAA ACA | ||
| GM-CSFRα | ATGA GGAA GCA | PU.1 | 50 |
| G-CSFR 5′ | TTCA GGAA CTT | PU.1 | 49 |
| G-CSFR 3′ | TCAA GAGA AGT | PU.1 | 49 |
| M-CSFR | AAGG GGAA GAA | PU.1 | 48 |
| Myeloperoxidase 5′ | GTAG GGAA AAG | PU.1 | 52 |
| Myeloperoxidase 3′ | AAGG GGAA GCA | PU.1 | 52 |
| EDN 5′ | GACA GGAA GTA | PU.1 | 38 |
| EDN 3′ | TAAA GGAA ATG | PU.1 | 38 |
| E4TF1 | AAAC GGAA GTG | GABP | 31 |
| Neutrophil elastase | GGGA GGAA GTA | GABP | 55 |
| cMyc 3′ | GACC GGAA GTG | Fli-1 | 58 |
| Polyoma virus enhancer | AGCA GGAA GTG | Fli-1 | 58 |
| Consensus | DNVV GGAA VND |
| Promoter . | Target Sequence . | In Vitro Binding . | Reference . |
|---|---|---|---|
| −65 (βc 5′) | AAGA GGAA GCA | ||
| −45 (βc 3′) | ATCA GGAA ACA | ||
| GM-CSFRα | ATGA GGAA GCA | PU.1 | 50 |
| G-CSFR 5′ | TTCA GGAA CTT | PU.1 | 49 |
| G-CSFR 3′ | TCAA GAGA AGT | PU.1 | 49 |
| M-CSFR | AAGG GGAA GAA | PU.1 | 48 |
| Myeloperoxidase 5′ | GTAG GGAA AAG | PU.1 | 52 |
| Myeloperoxidase 3′ | AAGG GGAA GCA | PU.1 | 52 |
| EDN 5′ | GACA GGAA GTA | PU.1 | 38 |
| EDN 3′ | TAAA GGAA ATG | PU.1 | 38 |
| E4TF1 | AAAC GGAA GTG | GABP | 31 |
| Neutrophil elastase | GGGA GGAA GTA | GABP | 55 |
| cMyc 3′ | GACC GGAA GTG | Fli-1 | 58 |
| Polyoma virus enhancer | AGCA GGAA GTG | Fli-1 | 58 |
| Consensus | DNVV GGAA VND |
Elements −65 and −45 are aligned with Ets-binding sites of hematopoietic specific genes (except cMyc and polyoma virus enhancer). Because the sequences flanking the well-conserved GGAA core are highly diverse, no real consensus binding site for a particular Ets family member is present. Elements −65 and −45 have highest homology with the PU.1-binding GGAA site of the GM-CSFα promoter.