Characteristics of the study population according to sex
. | Men, n = 586 . | Women, n = 741 . | P* . |
|---|---|---|---|
| General characteristics | |||
| Age, y, mean ± SD | 68 ± 16 | 70 ± 16 | < .0001 |
| Years in school, mean ± SD | 7.3 ± 4.4 | 5.8 ± 3.9 | < .0001 |
| Cardiovascular risk factors | |||
| Smoking | |||
| Former smoker, % | 48.4 | 11.2 | < .0001 |
| Current smoker, % | 20.2 | 11.0 | < .0001 |
| Pack-years, mean ± SD | 30.2 ± 22.9 | 14.6 ± 8.8 | < .0001 |
| Body mass index, kg/m2, mean ± SD | 27.0 ± 3.4 | 27.2 ± 4.6 | .62 |
| Waist circumference, men: more than 102 cm, women: more than 88 cm; % | 16.8 | 46.9 | < .0001 |
| Alcohol intake, more than 30 g/day, % | 28.5 | 3.4 | < .0001 |
| Physical activity, % | |||
| Sedentary | 11.5 | 23.8 | |
| Light | 75.5 | 72.2 | |
| Moderate-high | 13.0 | 4.0 | < .0001 |
| LDL cholesterol, % | |||
| Less than 130 mg/dL | 50.1 | 44.5 | |
| 130 to 159 mg/dL | 32.1 | 31.4 | |
| 160 to 189 mg/dL | 14.0 | 17.4 | |
| At least 190 mg/dL | 3.9 | 6.7 | < .02 |
| HDL cholesterol less than 40 mg/dL, % | 19.0 | 7.8 | < .0001 |
| Triglycerides, % | |||
| Less than 150 mg/dL | 72.9 | 77.8 | |
| 150 to 199 mg/dL | 13.3 | 14.0 | |
| 200 to 499 mg/dL | 12.9 | 8.0 | |
| At least 500 mg/dL | 0.8 | 0.1 | < .02 |
| Subclinical cardiovascular disease | |||
| ECG abnormalities | 14.5 | 10.3 | < .005 |
| Ankle brachial index at least 0.90, % | 16.1 | 11.0 | < .001 |
| Carotid stenosis more than 40% and/or bilateral plaques, % | 39.6 | 29.2 | < .0001 |
| Conditions, % | |||
| Coronary heart disease | 7.4 | 3.6 | < .001 |
| Congestive heart failure | 0.8 | 2.1 | .12 |
| Stroke | 2.4 | 1.2 | < .05 |
| Chronic obstructive lung disease | 6.2 | 0.9 | < .0001 |
| Diabetes | 7.4 | 6.4 | .34 |
| Hypertension | 40.4 | 50.0 | < .005 |
| Osteoporosis | 44.4 | 56.3 | < .0005 |
| Chronic renal failure | 1.2 | 2.6 | .4 |
| Cancer | 3.9 | 6.2 | .11 |
| Dementia | 4.4 | 5.1 | .55 |
| Depression | 10.4 | 24.5 | < .0001 |
| Disability in activities of daily living | 6.6 | 8.2 | .86 |
. | Men, n = 586 . | Women, n = 741 . | P* . |
|---|---|---|---|
| General characteristics | |||
| Age, y, mean ± SD | 68 ± 16 | 70 ± 16 | < .0001 |
| Years in school, mean ± SD | 7.3 ± 4.4 | 5.8 ± 3.9 | < .0001 |
| Cardiovascular risk factors | |||
| Smoking | |||
| Former smoker, % | 48.4 | 11.2 | < .0001 |
| Current smoker, % | 20.2 | 11.0 | < .0001 |
| Pack-years, mean ± SD | 30.2 ± 22.9 | 14.6 ± 8.8 | < .0001 |
| Body mass index, kg/m2, mean ± SD | 27.0 ± 3.4 | 27.2 ± 4.6 | .62 |
| Waist circumference, men: more than 102 cm, women: more than 88 cm; % | 16.8 | 46.9 | < .0001 |
| Alcohol intake, more than 30 g/day, % | 28.5 | 3.4 | < .0001 |
| Physical activity, % | |||
| Sedentary | 11.5 | 23.8 | |
| Light | 75.5 | 72.2 | |
| Moderate-high | 13.0 | 4.0 | < .0001 |
| LDL cholesterol, % | |||
| Less than 130 mg/dL | 50.1 | 44.5 | |
| 130 to 159 mg/dL | 32.1 | 31.4 | |
| 160 to 189 mg/dL | 14.0 | 17.4 | |
| At least 190 mg/dL | 3.9 | 6.7 | < .02 |
| HDL cholesterol less than 40 mg/dL, % | 19.0 | 7.8 | < .0001 |
| Triglycerides, % | |||
| Less than 150 mg/dL | 72.9 | 77.8 | |
| 150 to 199 mg/dL | 13.3 | 14.0 | |
| 200 to 499 mg/dL | 12.9 | 8.0 | |
| At least 500 mg/dL | 0.8 | 0.1 | < .02 |
| Subclinical cardiovascular disease | |||
| ECG abnormalities | 14.5 | 10.3 | < .005 |
| Ankle brachial index at least 0.90, % | 16.1 | 11.0 | < .001 |
| Carotid stenosis more than 40% and/or bilateral plaques, % | 39.6 | 29.2 | < .0001 |
| Conditions, % | |||
| Coronary heart disease | 7.4 | 3.6 | < .001 |
| Congestive heart failure | 0.8 | 2.1 | .12 |
| Stroke | 2.4 | 1.2 | < .05 |
| Chronic obstructive lung disease | 6.2 | 0.9 | < .0001 |
| Diabetes | 7.4 | 6.4 | .34 |
| Hypertension | 40.4 | 50.0 | < .005 |
| Osteoporosis | 44.4 | 56.3 | < .0005 |
| Chronic renal failure | 1.2 | 2.6 | .4 |
| Cancer | 3.9 | 6.2 | .11 |
| Dementia | 4.4 | 5.1 | .55 |
| Depression | 10.4 | 24.5 | < .0001 |
| Disability in activities of daily living | 6.6 | 8.2 | .86 |
Age adjusted, from linear or logistic regression models