Classes of tumor antigens
Category . | Examples . | Notes . |
|---|---|---|
| Cancer-testis (CT) antigens | MAGE-1 (MAGEA1) | Expressed in germ cells, germinal tissues, tumor cells. |
| BAGE | ||
| GAGE-1 (GAGE1) | ||
| NY-ESO-1 (CTAG1) | ||
| Lineage-specific antigens | Melanocyte antigens: | Expressed in specific tissues or cells. |
| -Tyrosinase (TYR) | ||
| -Melan-A/MART-1 (MLANA) | ||
| -gp100/Pmel17 (SILV) | ||
| Tumor-specific altered gene products (amplified, aberrantly expressed, overexpressed or mutated genes, splice variants, gene fusion products, etc) | HER-2/neu (ERBB2) | Associated with a wide variety of tumors. KRAS2 is mutated in 30% to 40% of colorectal cancers, and p53 is mutated in up to 70% of all human cancers. Altered MUC1 glycosylation is seen in a variety of adenocarcinomas, and these altered glycopeptides can be presented by DCs to T cells.114 Myeloid leukemia cells can potentially be differentiated into DCs to vaccinate against endogenously expressed leukemia-specific antigens.115 |
| p53 (TP53) | ||
| Ras genes (KRAS2, HRAS, NRAS) | ||
| Mucin 1 (MUC1) | ||
| Beta-catenin (CTNNB1) | ||
| MUM1 (IRF4) | ||
| CDK4 | ||
| BCR-ABL fusion products | ||
| N-acteylglucosaminyltranferase V (MGAT5) | ||
| Survivin (BIRC5) | ||
| TERT | ||
| CEA | ||
| AFP | ||
| Immunoglobulin idiotypes | Multiple myeloma | Unique, tumor-specific idiotypes because of clonal rearrangements of immunoglobulin genes. Associated with B-cell malignancies. |
| B-cell lymphoma | ||
| Viral antigens | HPV E6 and E7 proteins | May be used for tumors such as cervical cancer that are induced by oncogenic viruses. |
| EBV (HHV4) LMP1 and LMP2 proteins |
Category . | Examples . | Notes . |
|---|---|---|
| Cancer-testis (CT) antigens | MAGE-1 (MAGEA1) | Expressed in germ cells, germinal tissues, tumor cells. |
| BAGE | ||
| GAGE-1 (GAGE1) | ||
| NY-ESO-1 (CTAG1) | ||
| Lineage-specific antigens | Melanocyte antigens: | Expressed in specific tissues or cells. |
| -Tyrosinase (TYR) | ||
| -Melan-A/MART-1 (MLANA) | ||
| -gp100/Pmel17 (SILV) | ||
| Tumor-specific altered gene products (amplified, aberrantly expressed, overexpressed or mutated genes, splice variants, gene fusion products, etc) | HER-2/neu (ERBB2) | Associated with a wide variety of tumors. KRAS2 is mutated in 30% to 40% of colorectal cancers, and p53 is mutated in up to 70% of all human cancers. Altered MUC1 glycosylation is seen in a variety of adenocarcinomas, and these altered glycopeptides can be presented by DCs to T cells.114 Myeloid leukemia cells can potentially be differentiated into DCs to vaccinate against endogenously expressed leukemia-specific antigens.115 |
| p53 (TP53) | ||
| Ras genes (KRAS2, HRAS, NRAS) | ||
| Mucin 1 (MUC1) | ||
| Beta-catenin (CTNNB1) | ||
| MUM1 (IRF4) | ||
| CDK4 | ||
| BCR-ABL fusion products | ||
| N-acteylglucosaminyltranferase V (MGAT5) | ||
| Survivin (BIRC5) | ||
| TERT | ||
| CEA | ||
| AFP | ||
| Immunoglobulin idiotypes | Multiple myeloma | Unique, tumor-specific idiotypes because of clonal rearrangements of immunoglobulin genes. Associated with B-cell malignancies. |
| B-cell lymphoma | ||
| Viral antigens | HPV E6 and E7 proteins | May be used for tumors such as cervical cancer that are induced by oncogenic viruses. |
| EBV (HHV4) LMP1 and LMP2 proteins |
A useful web site with links to current cancer antigen databases may be found at: http://www.cancerimmunity.org/statics/databases.htm. TERT indicates telomerase reverse transcriptase; AFP, alpha-fetoprotein; HPV, human papillomavirus; EBV, Epstein-Barr virus; LMP1, latent membrane protein 1.